In a search engine, a query will identify a group of pages. The pages are ranked by many factors. One of them is how many hyperlinks reference this page indicating the popularity and thus the relevance.
Another consideration is if the page linking to the target page is more authoritative than other page pointing to another target page. In other words, not all links are equal weigh. Computer is not able to discern which referencing page is more authoritative
The random surfer algorithm use to assign an authoritative score for each page to be further use in the ranking stage. It is simulating a person surfing by following a random link on a page to another page. He surf a random number of page and then restart the process from the base page again. The random behaviour reduce the effect of loop and also simulating the popularity of a page.
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