Sound is an aural pecrception of vibration. There are 2 types of sound. Noise is sound that is not organized or harmonized. Music is organized and intentional.
A sound is produced when an object is set in motion by conversion of mechanical energy into acoustic energy. The acoustic energy is in a form of pressure waves in the medium (e.g. surrounding air). The disturbances in the air are known as compressions and rarefactions. These forms of compression and rarefaction occurs around the source and move away in all directions. As a result, the wave propagate outwards. The air molecules does not move with the wave, thet just dislodged from their current locations. The form of acoustical energy transmission is respresented by a longitudinal waveform.
The scientific study of sound perception is called psychoacoustics. It is not concerned with how sounds produce a particular emotional or cognitive response, which is in the area of psychology. Psychological perception of sound is on 2 categories - pitch and loudness. This is equivalent to 2 properties of sound - frequency and amplitude. Frequency measures the rate of repetition and amplitude measures the strength of air pressure produced.
The psychological measurement of the magnitude of sound include its frequency, pressure, harmonics, duration and surface properties within the sound space.
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