Maskable interrupt can be generated by hardware or software by asserting the INTR line. They are maskable because programmer can disable the processor from recgonizing the INTR signal or disable the interrupt controller from accepting the interrupt request from selected device.
Non-Maskable interrupt (NMI) is generated by the chipset when serious hardware problem was detected in the system board. The processor's NMI input is asserted.
Software exception
Software exception refers to the problem when executing an instruction or its operands. The processor attempts to recovery gracefully by invoking a special exception handler.
A fault is an exception reported at the start of the instruction that caused the exception. The instruction can be restarted after the handler fixes the problem (e.g. page fault). A trap is an exception reported after the offending instruction has been executed. An abort does not always reliably supply the instruction that caused the problem. This makes it impossible for the exception handler to fix the problem and resume program execution.
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