Hierarchical file system (HFS) has 512 bytes size blocks. The blocks are numbered within a volume (physical medium). A number of blocks are grouped into an allocation block. HFS uses 16bits value to track these allocation block which make its max size of 64K allocation blocks
HFS+ uses 32 bits to address allocation block. It also introduced journaling, compression, dynamic resizing and fragmentation.
APFS is. 64-bit filesystem. It supports cloning and snapshot (read only) using copy on write.
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