(1) simple checksum - calculate a checksum based on the text. This can detect one error but not two and above. It is because 2 error can result in the same checksum
(2) staircase checksum is calculated by multiplying each byte with a sequence number and then take the checksum of the text. Using simple checksum and staircase checksum together can detect 2 errors in the text. When one or both checksum cannot be matched, it indicated there could be 1 or 2 errors.
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