Analog signals are voltages that vary smoothly and continuous over time. Analog signal can be either AC or DC.
Digital signals are pulses (on/off).
Analog-to-digital converters (ADC) and DAC converts the signals from one form to another.
Fourier theory said that any sinusoidal wave (like a square-wave digital signal) can be approximated by adding the base sine wave with its harmonics. Usually the approximation is good enough for using 5 to 7 harmonics.
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