Some nucleus are not stable if containing too many protons and neutrons. Lightest elements prefer to have the same number of protons and neutrons. Heavier elements prefer more neutrons than protons. To redress the balance, proton and neutron can transform to one and other, releasing a electron or a positron so that charge is conserved. The process of emitting electrons or positrons is called beta decay. The process also emits neutrino so the energy level is also conserved.
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