Architecture is "what the CPU does". It comprises like instruction set and registers. x86 CPU archtiecture evolves but attained high degree of backward compatibility. New instructions were added and width of the CPU expanded from 8 to 16 to 32 to 64 bits. Intel's 32-bits architecture is called IA-32. The new 64-bit architecture is called x86-64 which was invented by AMD. Inte;'s 64-bit architecture is called IA-64 Itanium which was not backward compatible to IA-32.
A CPU's microarchitecture is an implementation of an architecture. Different techniques are used to improve the throughput and speed of the execution (E.g. prefetch, cache, micro-op fusion etc.).
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