Objective claim (empirical knowledge) is things out in the physical world that can be sensed or measured
Subjective claim is things that based on personal opinion, value, judgement and preferences. These are claim that gives one purpose and meaning of life.
Sunday, February 22, 2015
Knowledge
Knowledge is justified true belief:
(1) one believe it is the case
(2) with a basis or reason
(3) and it is in fact true
Belief + desire -> action
Knowledge does not equal to fact!
(1) one believe it is the case
(2) with a basis or reason
(3) and it is in fact true
Belief + desire -> action
Knowledge does not equal to fact!
Bifurcation
Given a starting population with a certain reproduction rate and a death rate, we can predict (calculate) the population for specific generations. If we plot the population by generation with a given birth rate, the trajectory will be linear in a straight line.
If we add an additional rule to confine the population by a carrying capacity, the trajectory changes to a point until it become impossible to predict. In other words, a small variation in birth or death rate, the population for a specific generation will not be close together but may attain a very diverse value
The above can be modeled bu a logistic map formula. We combine the birth rate with the death rate into a variable called R. The carrying capacity is replaced by a variable called fraction of carrying capacity x. Logistic map is represented by the following formula: Xi+1 = R*Xi *(1-Xi )
(1) For a small value or R, e.g. 2, x will converge to a single value after a few generations.
(2) When R increases to a value of 3.1, the trajectory evolves to an oscillation of 2 values. \
(3) As R increases further, the oscillation changes to among 4, 8 values etc.
(4) The spread of oscillation increases rapider and rapider as R picks up gradually.
(5) When R reaches about 3.569946, the trajectory becomes chaotic. Even a small difference in the value of x (e.g. at the 10 decimal point) will produce a completely different trajectory. In other words, the trend becomes unpredictable.
Because of this property, the logistic map is used as an algorithm to generate pseudo-random number.
Among the chaos, there are 2 universal characteristics observed:
(1) The trajectories follow a period-doubling (bifurcation) route to chaos. From a single value to 2, to 4, to 8 etc.
(2) As R increases, their bifurcation points move closer and closer. The rate of convergence is found to be a constant value of 4.6692016. This is called the Feigenbaum constant.
If we add an additional rule to confine the population by a carrying capacity, the trajectory changes to a point until it become impossible to predict. In other words, a small variation in birth or death rate, the population for a specific generation will not be close together but may attain a very diverse value
The above can be modeled bu a logistic map formula. We combine the birth rate with the death rate into a variable called R. The carrying capacity is replaced by a variable called fraction of carrying capacity x. Logistic map is represented by the following formula: Xi+1 = R*Xi *(1-Xi )
(1) For a small value or R, e.g. 2, x will converge to a single value after a few generations.
(2) When R increases to a value of 3.1, the trajectory evolves to an oscillation of 2 values. \
(3) As R increases further, the oscillation changes to among 4, 8 values etc.
(4) The spread of oscillation increases rapider and rapider as R picks up gradually.
(5) When R reaches about 3.569946, the trajectory becomes chaotic. Even a small difference in the value of x (e.g. at the 10 decimal point) will produce a completely different trajectory. In other words, the trend becomes unpredictable.
Because of this property, the logistic map is used as an algorithm to generate pseudo-random number.
Among the chaos, there are 2 universal characteristics observed:
(1) The trajectories follow a period-doubling (bifurcation) route to chaos. From a single value to 2, to 4, to 8 etc.
(2) As R increases, their bifurcation points move closer and closer. The rate of convergence is found to be a constant value of 4.6692016. This is called the Feigenbaum constant.
JavaScript functions and methods
Both do similar things. Method is a different way to organize code.
JavaScript Anonymous Functions
Functions that are declared as they run and with no name. For example,
(function () { ... });
One purpose of using anonymous function is to create a scope for local variables.
(function () { ... });
One purpose of using anonymous function is to create a scope for local variables.
JSON (JavaScript Object Notation)
JSON is a format for representing data.
{
"plane" : [
"economy",
"business",
"first"
]
}
{
"plane" : [
"economy",
"business",
"first"
]
}
Rendering Engine in Browsers
The rendering engine creates the page appearance in browser. There are a few rendering engines currently used in the market:
Firefox - Gecko
IE - Trident
Chrome, Safari, IOS and Android - Webkit
Opera - Presto
Firefox - Gecko
IE - Trident
Chrome, Safari, IOS and Android - Webkit
Opera - Presto
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