ln command by default creates a hard link which is a file that share the same inode as the original file it links to.
Soft link (symbolic link) is a newer link type that addresses some disadvantage of hard link. It can link to a directory. It can like to entry in another file system. It can link to an entry that does not exist currently (e.g. a file that is created from time to time).
When cd to a directory using symlink, the shell builtin pwd will display the name of the symlink that link to but /bin/pwd (utility) will display the destingation directory. When you cd to .. it will return to the directory that holding the symlink.
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